Application of Probiotics to Enhance Stress Resistance and Growth of Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Zero Salinity Conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52046/agrikan.v17i2.2374Keywords:
Vaname Shrimp, Probiotic, Cumulative Stress Indeks, Growth Performance, SalinityAbstract
Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture faces challenges due to environmental stress, which affects growth and survival. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on the cumulative stress index (CSI) and growth performance of vaname shrimp cultured under zero salinity conditions. A completely randomized design was employed with four treatments, each replicated three times: Treatment A (Commercial Feed (Control)); Treatment B (Commercial Feed + Probiotic 10 ml/kg); Treatment C (Commercial Feed + Probiotic 20 ml/kg); and Treatment D (Commercial Feed + Probiotic 30 ml/kg). CSI and absolute weight growth were observed after 10 days of cultivation. Water quality parameters were monitored throughout the study. The results indicated that Treatment B (10 ml/kg probiotics) yielded the lowest CSI value (30), reflecting the highest stress tolerance, followed by Treatment C (39), Treatment D (68), and the control group (85). Furthermore, Treatment B produced the highest absolute weight growth (38.6 grams), significantly outperforming other treatments. Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of probiotic supplementation on growth performance (p < 0.05) but no significant effect on survival rate (p > 0.05). Probiotic supplementation was proven effective in reducing stress and improving digestive efficiency in shrimp, thereby supporting better growth. These findings highlight the potential of probiotics, particularly at a dose of 10 ml/kg, as a sustainable approach to enhancing shrimp aquaculture performance under challenging environmental conditions.
References
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Amit, Pandey, A., Tyagi, A., & Khairnar, S. O. (2022). Oral feed-based administration of Lactobacillus plantarum enhances growth, haematological and immunological responses in Cyprinus carpio. Emerging Animal Species, 3(January), 100003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eas.2022.100003
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APHA. (2017). Standards methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 23rd Edition. Washington D.C: American Public Health Association. p. 857.
Aprilia, T., Agustama, Y., Rakhmawati, R., & Marlina, E. (2023). Growth performance and survival rate of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) post-larva stages in a super intensive cultivation system with varied densities. Depik, 12(3), 284–290. https://doi.org/10.13170/depik.12.3.30546
Aziza, N., Maarif, U., & Latif, H. (2024). Pengantar Statstik : Analisis Varian ( ANOVA ).
Essington, T. E., Anderson, S. C., Barnett, L. A. K., Berger, H. M., Siedlecki, S. A., & Ward, E. J. (2022). Advancing statistical models to reveal the effect of dissolved oxygen on the spatial distribution of marine taxa using thresholds and a physiologically based index. Ecography, 2022(8), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.06249
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Gruber, C., Bui-Chau-Truc, D., Kesselring, J. C., Nguyen, N. D., Standen, B., & Wein, S. (2023). Diet-Independent Positive Effects of a Multi-Species Probiotic on the Growth Performance and Resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in White Leg Shrimp. Animals, 13(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13030331
Hong, N. T. X., Linh, N. T. H., Baruah, K., Thuy, D. T. B., & Phuoc, N. N. (2022). The Combined Use of Pediococcus pentosaceus and Fructooligosaccharide Improves Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Resistance of Whiteleg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13(February), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.826151
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Lim, S. Y., Wei, K., & Wong, W. L. (2024). Species Richness and Diversity of Gut Microbiota may Reduce AHPND in the Whiteleg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. ASM Science Journal, 19. https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1517
Liqoarobby, R., Sunardi, Suparman, Y., & Fadilah, K. (2021). Aqueous Systems of Dissolved Oxygen in Reservoir. E3S Web of Conferences, 249, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124903015
Matthew Briggs, Simon Funge-Smith, R. S. and M. P. (2004). Introductions and Movement of Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus stylirostris in Asia and Pacific. In Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations Regional Office For Asia And The Pacific. Retrieved from http://scioteca.caf.com/bitstream/handle/123456789/1091/RED2017-Eng-8ene.pdf?sequence=12&isAllowed=y%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.06.005%0Ahttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/305320484_SISTEM_PEMBETUNGAN_TERPUSAT_STRATEGI_MELESTARI
Mohammad Taufiq, Kurnia Maya Candra Dewi, Handono, I. R. (2016). Pengaruh Pemberian Berbagai Jenis Pakan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Lobster Air Tawar. Education and Human Development Journal, 85(1), 1.
Monier, M. N., Kabary, H., Elfeky, A., Saadony, S., El-Hamed, N. N. B. A., Eissa, M. E. H., & Eissa, E. S. H. (2023). The effects of Bacillus species probiotics (Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis) on the water quality, immune responses, and resistance of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against Fusarium solani infection. Aquaculture International, 31(6), 3437–3455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-023-01136-1
Polyakova, O. A., Krotkova, I. F., Litvinova, S. N., & Ostroumova, O. D. (2022). Stress as the basis of polymorbidity and ways to correct it in the early stages. Meditsinskiy Sovet, 2022(21), 96–105. https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-21-96-105
Ringø, E., Van Doan, H., Lee, S. H., Soltani, M., Hoseinifar, S. H., Harikrishnan, R., & Song, S. K. (2020). Probiotics, lactic acid bacteria and bacilli: interesting supplementation for aquaculture. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 129(1), 116–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.14628
Ringø, Einar, Harikrishnan, R., Soltani, M., & Ghosh, K. (2022). The Effect of Gut Microbiota and Probiotics on Metabolism in Fish and Shrimp. Animals, 12(21), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12213016
Said, M. M., El-Barbary, Y. A., & Ahmed, O. M. (2022). Assessment of Performance, Microbial Community, Bacterial Food Quality, and Gene Expression of Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Reared under Different Density Biofloc Systems. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2022(Hsp 70). https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3499061
Serli Abelyani, Ilmiah, S. H. (2024). Bioenkapsulasi Vitamin C Pada Pakan Alami (Artemia salina) Untuk Meningkatkan Performa Larva Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Jurnal Akuakultur Nusantara (JANUS), 1(2), 152–162.
Sha, Y., Yan, Q., Liu, J., Yu, J., Xu, S., He, Z., … Dong, W. (2023). Homologous genes shared between probiotics and pathogens affect the adhesion of probiotics and exclusion of pathogens in the gut mucus of shrimp. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14(June), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1195137
Wahyu. (2020). Optimasi Padat Tebar Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus Vannamei) dengan Sistem Resirkulasi [Skripsi]. Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan, 9(1), 48–52.
Wang, Y. B. (2007). Effect of probiotics on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 269(1–4), 259–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.05.035
Widyany, D. A., Prayitno, S. B., & Desrina. (2024). Effect of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics on survival, growth, and immune response of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Asia-Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 32(3), 98–112. https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2024.032.3.10
Yin, Z., Liu, Q., Liu, Y., Gao, S., He, Y., Yao, C., … Ai, Q. (2021). Early Life Intervention Using Probiotic Clostridium butyricum Improves Intestinal Development, Immune Response, and Gut Microbiota in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) Larvae. Frontiers in Immunology, 12(March), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.640767
Zulkifly, Mulyani, S., & Aqmal, A. (2021). Pemberian Pakan Alami Berbeda Untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Dan Kelangsungan Hidup Benih Ikan Nila Sultana Oreochromis Niloticus. Journal of Aquaculture and Environment, 4(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.35965/jae.v4i1.1215
Ali, B., . A., & Mishra, A. (2022). Effects of dissolved oxygen concentration on freshwater fish: A review. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 10(4), 113–127. https://doi.org/10.22271/fish.2022.v10.i4b.2693
Amiin, M. K., Lahay, A. F., Putriani, R. B., Reza, M., Putri, S. M. E., Sumon, M. A. A., … Santanumurti, M. B. (2023). The role of probiotics in vannamei shrimp aquaculture performance - A review. Veterinary World, 16(3), 638–649. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2023.638-649
Amit, Pandey, A., Tyagi, A., & Khairnar, S. O. (2022). Oral feed-based administration of Lactobacillus plantarum enhances growth, haematological and immunological responses in Cyprinus carpio. Emerging Animal Species, 3(January), 100003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eas.2022.100003
Annisa, C. N., Yuniati, D., & Haser, T. F. (2024). Potential Reduction of Stress Levels and Improving Vaname ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) Growth Performance with Probiotic Application. JoAS, 9(2), 63–73.
APHA. (2017). Standards methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 23rd Edition. Washington D.C: American Public Health Association. p. 857.
Aprilia, T., Agustama, Y., Rakhmawati, R., & Marlina, E. (2023). Growth performance and survival rate of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) post-larva stages in a super intensive cultivation system with varied densities. Depik, 12(3), 284–290. https://doi.org/10.13170/depik.12.3.30546
Aziza, N., Maarif, U., & Latif, H. (2024). Pengantar Statstik : Analisis Varian ( ANOVA ).
Essington, T. E., Anderson, S. C., Barnett, L. A. K., Berger, H. M., Siedlecki, S. A., & Ward, E. J. (2022). Advancing statistical models to reveal the effect of dissolved oxygen on the spatial distribution of marine taxa using thresholds and a physiologically based index. Ecography, 2022(8), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.06249
Febri, S. P., Antoni, A., Rasuldi, R., Sinaga, A., Haser, T. F., Syahril, M., & Nazlia, S. (2020). Adaptasi waktu pencahayaan sebagai strategi peningkatan pertumbuhan ikan bawal air tawar (Colossoma macropomum). Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal, 7(2), 68. https://doi.org/10.29103/aa.v7i2.2509
Ferreira, N. C., Bonetti, C., & Seiffert, W. Q. (2011). Hydrological and Water Quality Indices as management tools in marine shrimp culture. Aquaculture, 318(3–4), 425–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.05.045
Gómez, R. G. D., & Shen, M. A. (2008). Influence of probiotics on the growth and digestive enzyme activity of white Pacific shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Journal of Ocean University of China, 7(2), 215–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-008-0215-x
Gruber, C., Bui-Chau-Truc, D., Kesselring, J. C., Nguyen, N. D., Standen, B., & Wein, S. (2023). Diet-Independent Positive Effects of a Multi-Species Probiotic on the Growth Performance and Resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in White Leg Shrimp. Animals, 13(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13030331
Hong, N. T. X., Linh, N. T. H., Baruah, K., Thuy, D. T. B., & Phuoc, N. N. (2022). The Combined Use of Pediococcus pentosaceus and Fructooligosaccharide Improves Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Resistance of Whiteleg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13(February), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.826151
Indariyanti, N., & Aprilia, T. (2021). Probiotic Supplementation in Feed on Nutritional Quality, Feed Efficiency, and the Growth of Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1012(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1012/1/012044
Liebermeister, W. (2014). How enzyme economy shapes metabolic fluxes. 1–18. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1404.5072
Lim, S. Y., Wei, K., & Wong, W. L. (2024). Species Richness and Diversity of Gut Microbiota may Reduce AHPND in the Whiteleg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. ASM Science Journal, 19. https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1517
Liqoarobby, R., Sunardi, Suparman, Y., & Fadilah, K. (2021). Aqueous Systems of Dissolved Oxygen in Reservoir. E3S Web of Conferences, 249, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124903015
Matthew Briggs, Simon Funge-Smith, R. S. and M. P. (2004). Introductions and Movement of Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus stylirostris in Asia and Pacific. In Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations Regional Office For Asia And The Pacific. Retrieved from http://scioteca.caf.com/bitstream/handle/123456789/1091/RED2017-Eng-8ene.pdf?sequence=12&isAllowed=y%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.06.005%0Ahttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/305320484_SISTEM_PEMBETUNGAN_TERPUSAT_STRATEGI_MELESTARI
Mohammad Taufiq, Kurnia Maya Candra Dewi, Handono, I. R. (2016). Pengaruh Pemberian Berbagai Jenis Pakan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Lobster Air Tawar. Education and Human Development Journal, 85(1), 1.
Monier, M. N., Kabary, H., Elfeky, A., Saadony, S., El-Hamed, N. N. B. A., Eissa, M. E. H., & Eissa, E. S. H. (2023). The effects of Bacillus species probiotics (Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis) on the water quality, immune responses, and resistance of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against Fusarium solani infection. Aquaculture International, 31(6), 3437–3455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-023-01136-1
Polyakova, O. A., Krotkova, I. F., Litvinova, S. N., & Ostroumova, O. D. (2022). Stress as the basis of polymorbidity and ways to correct it in the early stages. Meditsinskiy Sovet, 2022(21), 96–105. https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-21-96-105
Ringø, E., Van Doan, H., Lee, S. H., Soltani, M., Hoseinifar, S. H., Harikrishnan, R., & Song, S. K. (2020). Probiotics, lactic acid bacteria and bacilli: interesting supplementation for aquaculture. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 129(1), 116–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.14628
Ringø, Einar, Harikrishnan, R., Soltani, M., & Ghosh, K. (2022). The Effect of Gut Microbiota and Probiotics on Metabolism in Fish and Shrimp. Animals, 12(21), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12213016
Said, M. M., El-Barbary, Y. A., & Ahmed, O. M. (2022). Assessment of Performance, Microbial Community, Bacterial Food Quality, and Gene Expression of Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Reared under Different Density Biofloc Systems. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2022(Hsp 70). https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3499061
Serli Abelyani, Ilmiah, S. H. (2024). Bioenkapsulasi Vitamin C Pada Pakan Alami (Artemia salina) Untuk Meningkatkan Performa Larva Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Jurnal Akuakultur Nusantara (JANUS), 1(2), 152–162.
Sha, Y., Yan, Q., Liu, J., Yu, J., Xu, S., He, Z., … Dong, W. (2023). Homologous genes shared between probiotics and pathogens affect the adhesion of probiotics and exclusion of pathogens in the gut mucus of shrimp. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14(June), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1195137
Wahyu. (2020). Optimasi Padat Tebar Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus Vannamei) dengan Sistem Resirkulasi [Skripsi]. Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan, 9(1), 48–52.
Wang, Y. B. (2007). Effect of probiotics on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 269(1–4), 259–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.05.035
Widyany, D. A., Prayitno, S. B., & Desrina. (2024). Effect of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics on survival, growth, and immune response of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Asia-Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 32(3), 98–112. https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2024.032.3.10
Yin, Z., Liu, Q., Liu, Y., Gao, S., He, Y., Yao, C., … Ai, Q. (2021). Early Life Intervention Using Probiotic Clostridium butyricum Improves Intestinal Development, Immune Response, and Gut Microbiota in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) Larvae. Frontiers in Immunology, 12(March), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.640767
Zulkifly, Mulyani, S., & Aqmal, A. (2021). Pemberian Pakan Alami Berbeda Untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Dan Kelangsungan Hidup Benih Ikan Nila Sultana Oreochromis Niloticus. Journal of Aquaculture and Environment, 4(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.35965/jae.v4i1.1215
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04-09-2024
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Mulyani, S., Mardiana, M., Aqmal, A., & Cahyono, I. (2024). Application of Probiotics to Enhance Stress Resistance and Growth of Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Zero Salinity Conditions. Agrikan Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan, 17(2), 478–486. https://doi.org/10.52046/agrikan.v17i2.2374
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Copyright (c) 2024 Sri Mulyani, Mardiana Mardiana, Amal Aqmal, Indra Cahyono
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
